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STATUS AS AT : 11-09-2026 11:16:43 EDT
CHAPTER XXVII
ENVIRONMENT
12. Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses
New York, 21 May 1997
Entry into force
:
17 August 2014, in accordance with article 36(1).
Registration :
17 August 2014, No. 52106
Status :
Signatories : 16. Parties : 43. 1
Text : Certified true copy

United Nations,  Treaty Series , vol. 2999, p. 77. Doc. A/51/869. C.N.353.2008.TREATIES-1 of 6 May 2008 (Proposal of corrections to the original text of the Convention (Arabic version) and to the Certified True Copies) and C.N.675.2008.TREATIES-2 of 24 September 2008 (corrections).

Note :
By resolution A/RES/51/229 of 21 May 1997, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted at its 51 session, the said Convention. In accordance with its article 34, the Convention shall be open for signature at the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York, on 21 May 1997 and will remain open to all States and regional economic integration organizations for signature until 21 May 2000.

Participant
Signature
Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Ratification
Benin
   5 Jul 2012 a
Botswana
  20 Jan 2026 a
Burkina Faso
  22 Mar 2011 a
Chad
  26 Sep 2012 a
Côte d'Ivoire
25 Sep 1998
25 Feb 2014
Denmark
  30 Apr 2012 a
Finland
31 Oct 1997
23 Jan 1998 A
France
  24 Feb 2011 a
Gambia
  17 Jul 2023 a
Germany
13 Aug 1998
15 Jan 2007
Ghana
  22 Jun 2020 a
Greece
   2 Dec 2010 a
Guinea-Bissau
  19 May 2010 a
Hungary
20 Jul 1999
26 Jan 2000 AA
Iraq
   9 Jul 2001 a
Ireland
  20 Dec 2013 a
Italy
  30 Nov 2012 a
Jordan
17 Apr 1998
22 Jun 1999
Kazakhstan
  18 Nov 2024 a
Lebanon
  25 May 1999 a
Libya
  14 Jun 2005 a
Luxembourg
14 Oct 1997
 8 Jun 2012
Malawi
  26 Aug 2026 a
Montenegro
  24 Sep 2013 a
Morocco
  13 Apr 2011 a
Namibia
19 May 2000
29 Aug 2001
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
 9 Mar 2000
 9 Jan 2001 A
Niger
  20 Feb 2013 a
Nigeria
  27 Sep 2010
Norway
30 Sep 1998
30 Sep 1998
Paraguay
25 Aug 1998
 
Portugal
11 Nov 1997
22 Jun 2005
Qatar
  28 Feb 2002 a
Sierra Leone
  16 Jul 2025 a
South Africa
13 Aug 1997
26 Oct 1998
Spain
  24 Sep 2009 a
State of Palestine
   2 Jan 2015 a
Sweden
  15 Jun 2000 a
Syrian Arab Republic
11 Aug 1997
 2 Apr 1998
Tunisia
19 May 2000
22 Apr 2009
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  13 Dec 2013 a
Uzbekistan
   4 Sep 2007 a
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
22 Sep 1997
 
Viet Nam
  19 May 2014 a
Yemen
17 May 2000
 
Zimbabwe
  19 Jul 2024 a
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Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession.)
Botswana

Botswana

Declaration made upon accession:

       “… for purposes of Article 33(10) of the Convention, the Republic of Botswana declares that for any dispute not resolved in accordance with Article 33(2), it recognises as compulsory ipso facto, and without any special agreement in relation to any party accepting the same obligation, the submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice; and/or Arbitration by an arbitral tribunal established in accordance with the procedure set out in the Annex to the Convention.”

Denmark

Denmark

Territorial Exclusion

       Until further notice, the Convention shall not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

Hungary

Hungary

Declaration:

       " The Government of the Republic of Hungary declares itself bound by either of the two means for the settlement of disputes (International Court of Justice, arbitration), reserving its right to agree on the competent body of jurisdiction, as the case may be."

Malawi

Malawi

Declaration:

       “1. The Republic of Malawi understands and declares that the provisions of the Convention, including those concerning equitable and reasonable utilisation (Articles 5–6), the no-harm rule (Article 7), the obligation to notify (Article 12), and the duty to cooperate (Article 8), are procedural and substantive obligations that govern the exercise of Malawi’s sovereign rights over its internationally shared watercourses. These obligations shall not be construed as qualifying, diminishing, or otherwise affecting the territorial sovereignty of Malawi over any watercourse, lake, or water body situated within Malawian territory, including Lake Malawi.

       2. The Republic of Malawi declares that nothing in the Convention, including the definition of ‘international watercourse’ in Article 2, shall be interpreted as implying any determination on the question of boundary delimitation of Lake Malawi or any other water body adjacent to an international boundary. Malawi’s participation in any notification, consultation, or data-sharing process under the Convention with respect to Lake Malawi shall be without prejudice to its territorial and boundary positions in relation to that lake, and shall not constitute an admission or waiver of any kind in respect of those positions.

       3. The Republic of Malawi further declares that the reference in Article 5(2) of the Convention to ‘participation’ of watercourse States in the use, development, and protection of an international watercourse shall be understood as participation on the basis of Malawi’s sovereignty and sovereign rights within its territory, and shall not be construed as conferring on any other State any rights over waters, the bed, or the subsoil of Lake Malawi beyond what is recognised under applicable bilateral arrangements and international law.

       4. The Republic of Malawi notes that, in accordance with Article 3 of the Convention, this Declaration supplements and is consistent with any applicable bilateral watercourse agreement to which Malawi is or may become a party, and that the principles of this Declaration shall apply mutatis mutandis to any framework agreement or joint management mechanism established pursuant to the Convention in relation to Lake Malawi or any other internationally shared water body.

       5. This Declaration is made in a spirit of cooperation and in recognition of Malawi’s commitment to the peaceful, equitable, and sustainable management of its shared water resources, and shall in no way be construed as a hostile or contentious act towards any co-riparian State. Malawi affirms its readiness to engage constructively with all co-riparian States under the Convention, on the basis of mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereign equality.”

Montenegro

Montenegro

Declaration

       “Montenegro declares that in respect of any dispute not resolved in accordance with Article 33 paragraph 2 of the said Convention, Montenegro recognizes as compulsory ipso facto, and without special agreement in relationship to any party accepting the same obligation:

       1.  Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice; and/or

       2.  Arbitration by an arbitral tribunal established and operating, unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agreed, in accordance with the procedure laid down in the annex to the present Convention.”

Netherlands (Kingdom of the)

Netherlands (Kingdom of the)

17 February 2010


Declaration:

       “The Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, in accordance with paragraph 10 of Article 33 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, that it accepts both means of dispute settlement referred to in that paragraph as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting one or both means of dispute settlement.”

Syrian Arab Republic

Syrian Arab Republic

Reservation:

       The acceptance by the Syrian Arab Republic of this Convention and its ratification by the Government shall not under any circumstances be taken to imply recognition of Israel and shall not lead to its entering into relations therewith that are governed by its provisions.

Viet Nam

Viet Nam

Reservation:

       “The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam reserves the right to choose the appropriate means of dispute settlement notwithstanding the decision of the other party to the concerned dispute.”

Objections
(Unless otherwise indicated, the objections were made upon ratification,
acceptance approval or accession.)
Israel

Israel

15 July 1998

       In regard to the reservation made by the Syrian Arab Republic upon ratification:

       "In view of the Government of the State of Israel such reservation, which is explicitly of a political nature, is incompatible with the purposes and objectives of this Convention and cannot in any way affect whatever obligations are binding upon the Syrian Arab Republic under general international treaty law or under particular conventions. The Government of the State of Israel will, in so far as concerns the substance of the matter, adopt towards the Syrian Arab Republic an attitude of complete reciprocity."

End Note
1For the purpose of entry into force of the [Convention/Protocol] , any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of that Organization.

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