CHAPTER XXVII

ENVIRONMENT8aCartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological DiversityMontreal, 29 January 2000Entry into force11 September 2003, in accordance with article 37(2).Registration11 September 2003, No. 30619StatusSignatories103Parties1731TextUnited Nations, <i>Treaty Series</i> , vol. 2226, p. 208; depositary notification C.N.251.2000.TREATIES-1 of 27 April 2000; C.N. 1471.2003.TREATIES-41 of 22 December 2003 (Proposal of corrections to the Arabic text of the Protocol) and C.N.291.2004.TREATIES-11 of 26 March 2004 (Rectification of the Arabic text of the Protocol and transmission of the relevant Procès-Verbal) .The above Protocol was adopted on 29 January 2000 by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at the resumed session of its first extraordinary meeting held in Montreal from 24 to 29 January 2000. The Protocol will be open for signature by States and by regional economic integration organizations in Nairobi at the United Nations Office from 15 to 26 May 2000, and at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 5 June 2000 to 4 June 2001, in accordance with its article 36.

ParticipantSignatureRatification, Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Accession(a), Succession(d)Afghanistan20 Feb 2013 aAlbania 8 Feb 2005 aAlgeria25 May 2000 5 Aug 2004 Angola27 Feb 2009 aAntigua and Barbuda24 May 2000 10 Sep 2003 Argentina24 May 2000 Armenia30 Apr 2004 aAustria24 May 2000 27 Aug 2002 Azerbaijan 1 Apr 2005 aBahamas24 May 2000 15 Jan 2004 Bahrain 7 Feb 2012 aBangladesh24 May 2000 5 Feb 2004 Barbados 6 Sep 2002 aBelarus26 Aug 2002 aBelgium24 May 2000 15 Apr 2004 Belize12 Feb 2004 aBenin24 May 2000 2 Mar 2005 Bhutan26 Aug 2002 aBolivia (Plurinational State of)24 May 2000 22 Apr 2002 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Oct 2009 aBotswana 1 Jun 2001 11 Jun 2002 Brazil24 Nov 2003 aBulgaria24 May 2000 13 Oct 2000 Burkina Faso24 May 2000 4 Aug 2003 Burundi 2 Oct 2008 aCabo Verde 1 Nov 2005 aCambodia17 Sep 2003 aCameroon 9 Feb 2001 20 Feb 2003 Canada19 Apr 2001 Central African Republic24 May 2000 18 Nov 2008 Chad24 May 2000 1 Nov 2006 Chile24 May 2000 China<superscript>2</superscript> 8 Aug 2000 8 Jun 2005 AAColombia24 May 2000 20 May 2003 Comoros25 Mar 2009 aCongo21 Nov 2000 13 Jul 2006 Cook Islands21 May 2001 Costa Rica24 May 2000 6 Feb 2007 Côte d'Ivoire12 Mar 2015 aCroatia 8 Sep 2000 29 Aug 2002 Cuba24 May 2000 17 Sep 2002 Cyprus 5 Dec 2003 aCzech Republic24 May 2000 8 Oct 2001 Democratic People's Republic of Korea20 Apr 2001 29 Jul 2003 Democratic Republic of the Congo23 Mar 2005 aDenmark<superscript>3</superscript>24 May 2000 27 Aug 2002 Djibouti 8 Apr 2002 aDominica13 Jul 2004 aDominican Republic20 Jun 2006 aEcuador24 May 2000 30 Jan 2003 Egypt20 Dec 2000 23 Dec 2003 El Salvador24 May 2000 26 Sep 2003 Eritrea10 Mar 2005 aEstonia 6 Sep 2000 24 Mar 2004 Eswatini13 Jan 2006 aEthiopia24 May 2000 9 Oct 2003 European Union24 May 2000 27 Aug 2002 AAFiji 2 May 2001 5 Jun 2001 Finland24 May 2000 9 Jul 2004 France24 May 2000 7 Apr 2003 AAGabon 2 May 2007 aGambia24 May 2000 9 Jun 2004 Georgia 4 Nov 2008 aGermany24 May 2000 20 Nov 2003 Ghana30 May 2003 aGreece24 May 2000 21 May 2004 Grenada24 May 2000 5 Feb 2004 Guatemala28 Oct 2004 aGuinea24 May 2000 11 Dec 2007 Guinea-Bissau19 May 2010 aGuyana18 Mar 2008 aHaiti24 May 2000 Honduras24 May 2000 18 Nov 2008 Hungary24 May 2000 13 Jan 2004 Iceland 1 Jun 2001 India23 Jan 2001 17 Jan 2003 Indonesia24 May 2000 3 Dec 2004 Iran (Islamic Republic of)23 Apr 2001 20 Nov 2003 Iraq 3 Mar 2014 aIreland24 May 2000 14 Nov 2003 Italy24 May 2000 24 Mar 2004 Jamaica 4 Jun 2001 25 Sep 2012 Japan21 Nov 2003 aJordan11 Oct 2000 11 Nov 2003 Kazakhstan 8 Sep 2008 aKenya15 May 2000 24 Jan 2002 Kiribati 7 Sep 2000 20 Apr 2004 Kuwait 1 Jun 2017 aKyrgyzstan 5 Oct 2005 aLao People's Democratic Republic 3 Aug 2004 aLatvia13 Feb 2004 aLebanon 6 Feb 2013 aLesotho20 Sep 2001 aLiberia15 Feb 2002 aLibya14 Jun 2005 aLithuania24 May 2000 7 Nov 2003 Luxembourg11 Jul 2000 28 Aug 2002 Madagascar14 Sep 2000 24 Nov 2003 Malawi24 May 2000 27 Feb 2009 Malaysia24 May 2000 3 Sep 2003 Maldives 3 Sep 2002 aMali 4 Apr 2001 28 Aug 2002 Malta 5 Jan 2007 aMarshall Islands27 Jan 2003 aMauritania22 Jul 2005 aMauritius11 Apr 2002 aMexico24 May 2000 27 Aug 2002 Monaco24 May 2000 Mongolia22 Jul 2003 aMontenegro<superscript>4</superscript>23 Oct 2006 dMorocco25 May 2000 25 Apr 2011 Mozambique24 May 2000 21 Oct 2002 Myanmar11 May 2001 13 Feb 2008 Namibia24 May 2000 10 Feb 2005 Nauru12 Nov 2001 aNepal 2 Mar 2001 Netherlands (Kingdom of the)24 May 2000 8 Jan 2002 ANew Zealand<superscript>5</superscript>24 May 2000 24 Feb 2005 Nicaragua26 May 2000 28 Aug 2002 Niger24 May 2000 30 Sep 2004 Nigeria24 May 2000 15 Jul 2003 Niue 8 Jul 2002 aNorth Macedonia26 Jul 2000 14 Jun 2005 Norway24 May 2000 10 May 2001 Oman11 Apr 2003 aPakistan 4 Jun 2001 2 Mar 2009 Palau29 May 2001 13 Jun 2003 Panama11 May 2001 1 May 2002 Papua New Guinea14 Oct 2005 aParaguay 3 May 2001 10 Mar 2004 Peru24 May 2000 14 Apr 2004 Philippines24 May 2000 5 Oct 2006 Poland24 May 2000 10 Dec 2003 Portugal24 May 2000 30 Sep 2004 AQatar14 Mar 2007 aRepublic of Korea 6 Sep 2000 3 Oct 2007 Republic of Moldova14 Feb 2001 4 Mar 2003 Romania11 Oct 2000 30 Jun 2003 Rwanda24 May 2000 22 Jul 2004 Samoa24 May 2000 30 May 2002 Saudi Arabia 9 Aug 2007 aSenegal31 Oct 2000 8 Oct 2003 Serbia 8 Feb 2006 aSeychelles23 Jan 2001 13 May 2004 Sierra Leone15 Jun 2020 aSlovakia24 May 2000 24 Nov 2003 Slovenia24 May 2000 20 Nov 2002 Solomon Islands28 Jul 2004 aSomalia26 Jul 2010 aSouth Africa14 Aug 2003 aSpain<superscript>6,7</superscript>24 May 2000 16 Jan 2002 Sri Lanka24 May 2000 28 Apr 2004 St. Kitts and Nevis23 May 2001 aSt. Lucia16 Jun 2005 aSt. Vincent and the Grenadines27 Aug 2003 aState of Palestine 2 Jan 2015 aSudan13 Jun 2005 aSuriname27 Mar 2008 aSweden24 May 2000 8 Aug 2002 Switzerland24 May 2000 26 Mar 2002 Syrian Arab Republic 1 Apr 2004 aTajikistan12 Feb 2004 aThailand10 Nov 2005 aTogo24 May 2000 2 Jul 2004 Tonga18 Sep 2003 aTrinidad and Tobago 5 Oct 2000 aTunisia19 Apr 2001 22 Jan 2003 Türkiye24 May 2000 24 Oct 2003 Turkmenistan21 Aug 2008 aUganda24 May 2000 30 Nov 2001 Ukraine 6 Dec 2002 aUnited Arab Emirates12 Sep 2014 aUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland<superscript>6</superscript>24 May 2000 19 Nov 2003 United Republic of Tanzania24 Apr 2003 aUruguay 1 Jun 2001 2 Nov 2011 Uzbekistan25 Oct 2019 aVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)24 May 2000 13 May 2002 Viet Nam21 Jan 2004 aYemen 1 Dec 2005 aZambia27 Apr 2004 aZimbabwe 4 Jun 2001 25 Feb 2005 European UnionDeclaration:"The European Community declares that, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 175(l) thereof, it is competent for entering into international agreements, and for implementing the obligations resulting therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives:- preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment;- protecting human health;- prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources;- promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems.Moreover, the European Community declares that it has already adopted legal instruments, binding on its Member States, covering matters governed by this Protocol, and will submit and update, as appropriate, a list of those legal instruments to the Biosafety Clearing House in accordance with Article 20(3)(a) of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.The European Community is responsible for the performance of those obligations resulting from the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety which are covered by Community law in force.The exercise of Community competence is, by its nature, subject to continuous development."Syrian Arab RepublicDeclaration:[The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic] affirms, however, that the accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to the said Protocol in no way signifies recognition of Israel nor shall it be conducive to entry into any dealings therewith in respect of matters governed by that Protocol.1For the purpose of entry into force of the [Convention/Protocol] , any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of that Organization.2With the following declaration in respect of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region: In accordance with the provisions of Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and Article 138 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the Protocol shall not apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until the Government of the People's Republic of China notifies otherwise. Subsequently, the Secretary-General received the following communication from the People's Republic of China: <i>China (Declaration of 9 May 2011):</i> In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the Protocol applies to the Hong King Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.3With a territorial exclusion in respect of the Faroe Islands and Greenland.4See note 1 under "Montenegro" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.5With the following territorial exclusion:"... consistent with the constitutional status of Tokelau and taking into account the commitment of the Government of New Zealand to the development of self-government for Tokelau through an act of self-determination under the Charter of the United Nations, this ratification shall not extend to Tokelau unless and until a Declaration to this effect is lodged by the Government of New Zealand with the Depositary on the basis of appropriate consultation with that territory."6 On 30 May 2014, the Government of the United Kingdom informed the Secretary-General of the Territorial Application of the Protocol in respect of Gibraltar as follows: “… the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland wishes the United Kingdom's Ratification of the Protocol be extended to the territory of Gibraltar for whose international relations the United Kingdom is responsible. The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland considers the extension of the aforesaid Protocol to Gibraltar to take effect on the date that this notification is received for deposit …”.7 On 9 July 2014, the Secretary-General received from the Government of Spain the following communication with regard to the Territorial Application by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to Gibraltar: 1. Gibraltar is a Non-Self-Governing Territory for whose international relations the Government of the United Kingdom is responsible and which is subject to a process of decolonization in accordance with the relevant decisions and resolutions of the General Assembly. 2. The authorities of Gibraltar are local in character, and exercise competences exclusively over internal affairs that originate in and are based on the powers allocated to and conferred on them by the United Kingdom, in accordance with its domestic legislation and in its capacity as the sovereign State upon which depends the said Non-Self-Governing Territory. 3. Consequently, any involvement by the Gibraltarian authorities in the implementation of this Convention shall be understood to take place exclusively within the framework of the internal affairs of Gibraltar and shall not be considered to affect in any way the content of the two preceding paragraphs. 4. The procedure envisaged in the Arrangements relating to Gibraltar authorities in the context of certain international treaties, which were agreed to by Spain and the United Kingdom on 19 December 2007 (together with "Agreed Arrangements relating to Gibraltar authorities in the context of European Union and European Community Instruments and Related Treaties" of 19 April 2000) applies to the present Convention. 5. The application to Gibraltar of the present Convention cannot be interpreted as recognition of any rights or situations involving matters not included in Article 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht of 13 July 1713, signed bythe crowns of Spain and Great Britain.